Most areas have climates that are warmer in the summer and cooler in the winter. Some areas are dry all year, and others are wet all year. Some areas are hot all year, and some are cold all year. It changes from one part of the world to another. Influence of climate Ĭlimate is the normal weather in a place. By the end of the Stone Age, it is believed that Homo sapiens were the only type of humans left. Scientists believe that Homo sapiens spread from Africa to all other parts of the world, replacing Homo neanderthalensis in Europe and Homo erectus in Asia. Neanderthals existed before modern humans. When ancient stone tools are found, their style often shows whether they were made by Homo sapiens or Neanderthals (see Palaeolithic). Entire Neanderthal skeletons have been found in other places since then. It was different from a modern human skull so scientists believed it was from a new species. They were discovered when the cranium of a skull was found in the Neanderthal Valley in 1856. Homo neanderthalensis are usually called Neanderthal Man. Homo neanderthalensis are the first humans scientists discovered which were not Homo sapiens. The theory of human evolution says that modern humans, Neanderthals, and Homo erectus slowly developed from other earlier species of human-like creatures. These included Homo erectus ('standing man') and Homo neanderthalensis ('man from Neanderthal'). Homo sapiens, lived at the same time as other species of human. Biologists believe that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa. They have existed for about 250,000 years. Modern human beings are called Homo sapiens ('wise man'). 6.1.1.4 From nationalism to imperialismĭevelopment of the human species.6.1.1.2 Reformation and Counter-Reformation.6.1 From colonialization to imperialism.5.3.1.3 Post-classical period and decline.5.3.1 Maya civilization (classical period).
5.1.1 Middle East – Islamic rise, Byzantine decline.4.5.5.1 Split of the Empire into East and West.4 Ancient history – the early civilizations.